Ke keleawe ʻole okineka
ʻO ke keleawe ʻulaʻula maikaʻi ka conductivity uila a me ka thermal conductivity, plasticity maikaʻi loa, maʻalahi i ka wela a me ke anuanu ka hoʻoili ʻana, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā uea uila, nā kaula, nā pulupulu uila, ke keleawe uila uila a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe e pono ai ka conductivity uila maikaʻi.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana keleawe maʻamau i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana: keleawe, keleawe, a me cupronickel.ʻO ke keleawe maʻemaʻe he metala ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula, i kapa ʻia ʻo "ʻulaʻula keleawe", "ʻulaʻula keleawe" a i ʻole "ʻulaʻula keleawe".Kapa ʻia ke keleawe ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ke keleawe ʻulaʻula no kona waihoʻoluʻu ʻulaʻula.ʻAʻole ia he keleawe maʻemaʻe, a i kekahi manawa ua hoʻohui ʻia kahi mea liʻiliʻi o nā mea deoxidizing a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka mea a me ka hana.
No laila, ua helu ʻia ke keleawe ʻulaʻula ma ke ʻano he keleawe keleawe.Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea hana keleawe o Kina i: keleawe maʻamau (T1, T2, T3, T4), keleawe ʻole oxygen (TU1, TU2 a me ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, vacuum oxygen-free copper), deoxidized copper (TUP, TUMn), hoʻohui. kahi liʻiliʻi o ka huila ʻEhā ʻano o ke keleawe kūikawā elemental (arsenic copper, tellurium copper, silver copper).ʻO ka conductivity uila a me ka thermal conductivity o ke keleawe ka lua wale nō i ke kālā, a hoʻohana nui ʻia e hana i nā lako uila a me nā mea wela.ʻO ke keleawe ʻulaʻula ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka corrosion i ka lewa, ka wai kai, kekahi mau mea non-oxidizing acid (hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid), alkali, paʻakai paʻakai a me nā ʻano mea like ʻole (acetic acid, citric acid)
ʻOi aku ka laulā o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ke keleawe ma mua o ka hao maʻemaʻe.I kēlā me kēia makahiki, hoʻomaʻemaʻe electrolytically 50% o ke keleawe i ke keleawe maʻemaʻe, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana uila.ʻO ke keleawe ʻulaʻula i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ʻaneʻi he mea maʻemaʻe loa, me ka ʻike keleawe ma mua o 99.95%.ʻO ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o nā haumia, ʻoi aku ka phosphorus, arsenic, aluminika, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hoʻemi nui i ka conductivity o ke keleawe.Hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea uila, ka hana mahu a me nā ʻoihana kemika, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka paʻi ʻana i nā papa kaapuni uila, nā ʻāpana keleawe no ka pale uea, nā cushions ea, nā terminal busbar;nā hoʻololi electromagnetic, nā mea paʻa peni, a me nā papa kaupaku.Hoʻopau ka ʻoihana hana mold i ka nui o kēia, no laila ke alakaʻi i nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻohana ʻia ia no ka hana ʻana i nā mea uila e like me nā mea hana, nā kaʻa kaʻa, nā uwea, nā mea hoʻololi, nā mea hoʻololi wela, nā paipu, nā ʻohi pā pālahalaha o nā mea hoʻomehana lā a me nā mea hana wela ʻē aʻe.ʻO ka oxygen i loko o ke keleawe (kahi liʻiliʻi o ka oxygen e hui maʻalahi i ka wā o ka hoʻoheheʻe keleawe) he hopena nui i ka conductivity, a ʻo ke keleawe i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana uila he keleawe ʻole oxygen.Eia kekahi, ʻo nā mea haumia e like me ke alakaʻi, antimony, a me bismuth e hana i nā kristal keleawe i hiki ʻole ke hoʻopaʻa pū ʻia, e hoʻoulu ai i ka thermal embrittlement, a e hoʻopilikia pū i ka hana ʻana o ke keleawe maʻemaʻe.ʻO kēia ʻano keleawe maʻemaʻe me ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia e ka electrolysis: hoʻohana ʻia ke keleawe maʻemaʻe (ʻo ia hoʻi, blister copper) e like me ka anode, hoʻohana ʻia ke keleawe maʻemaʻe e like me ka cathode, a hoʻohana ʻia ka hopena keleawe sulfate e like me ka electrolyte.Ke hala ke au, hehee malie ke keleawe maemae ole ma ka anode, a kahe malie ke keleawe maemae ma ka cathode.ʻO ke keleawe i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ma kēia ʻano he maʻemaʻe o 99.99%.
Hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka hana ʻana i nā apo pōkole kaʻa, nā inductors hoʻomehana electromagnetic, a me nā mea uila mana kiʻekiʻe, nā wili wili, a me nā mea like.
Ua hoʻohana pū ʻia i nā lako a me nā mea hoʻonaninani e like me nā puka, nā puka makani, a me nā lima lima.
Maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, hoʻolālā maikaʻi, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka oxygen.ʻAʻohe pores, trachoma, looseness, maikaʻi uila conductivity, kiʻekiʻe precision o ka ili o ka electro-eroded mold, ma hope o ka wela wela, ka electrode mea ole-directional, kūpono no ka precision hana, a he maikai thermal conductivity, processability, ductility, a pale ʻino Kali
