Paipu keleawe maʻamau kiʻekiʻe a me ke koʻokoʻo paʻa
Ana maemae
Hiki ke ana ʻia ka maʻemaʻe o ke keleawe me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka manaʻo Archimedes, kahi e ana ʻia ai ka nui a me ka nui o ka hāpana, a laila hiki ke helu ʻia ka pākēneka o ke keleawe i loko o ke keleawe ma muli o ka nui o ke keleawe a me ka nui o ka zinc.
keleawe maʻamau
He hui ia o ke keleawe a me ka zinc.
Ke emi ka zinc ma lalo o 35%, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka zinc i ke keleawe e hana i kahi alpha alpha, i kapa ʻia he keleawe hoʻokahi, plasticity maikaʻi, kūpono no ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka wela a me ke anu.
I ka 36% ~ 46% o ka zinc, aia ka α hoʻokahi a me ka hopena paʻa β e pili ana i ke keleawe a me ka zinc, i kapa ʻia ʻo biphasic brass, ʻo ka β phase e hoʻemi ai i ka plasticity keleawe a piʻi ka ikaika tensile, kūpono wale no ka hoʻoili wela wela.
Inā hoʻomau mākou e hoʻonui i ka hapa nui o ka zinc, e emi ana ka ikaika tensile a ʻaʻohe waiwai hoʻohana.
Hōʻike ʻia ke code e "H + helu", H ʻo ia ke keleawe, a ʻo ka helu ke ʻano o ka hapa nui o ke keleawe.
No ka laʻana, ʻo H68 ʻo ia ke keleawe he 68% keleawe a me 32% zinc, a ʻo ka hoʻolei keleawe ʻana ma mua o ka huaʻōlelo "Z", e like me ZH62.
No ka laʻana, ʻo ZCuZnzn38 ke ʻano o ke keleawe hoʻolei me 38% zinc a me ke koena o ke keleawe.
H90, H80 no ka keleawe-phase hoʻokahi, melemele gula.
ʻO H59 he keleawe duplex, i hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā ʻāpana hana o nā mea uila, e like me nā bolts, nuts, washers, springs a pēlā aku.
Ma keʻano laulā, hoʻohana ʻia ke keleawe hoʻokahi-phase no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ke anuanu a hoʻohana ʻia ke keleawe pālua ʻelua no ka hana deformation wela.
keleawe kūikawā
ʻO ka multi-alloy i hanaʻia ma ka hoʻohuiʻana i nā mea hoʻohui'ē aʻe i ke keleawe maʻamau i kapaʻia he keleawe kūikawā.ʻO nā mea i hoʻohui pinepine ʻia he alakaʻi, tin, aluminika, etc., a no laila hiki ke kapa ʻia he keleawe alakaʻi, keleawe keleawe, keleawe aluminika.ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui.ʻO ke kumu nui e hoʻonui i ka ikaika tensile a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka processability.
ʻO ke code: "H + ka hōʻailona o ka mea nui i hoʻohui ʻia (koe ka zinc) + ka hapa nui o ke keleawe + ka hakina nui o ka mea i hoʻohui ʻia + ka hakina nui o nā mea ʻē aʻe".
No ka laʻana: HPb59-1 hōʻike i ka hapa nui o ke keleawe he 59%, ʻo ka hapa nui o ke kēpau i loaʻa ka mea hoʻohui nui he 1%, a ʻo ke koena o ka zinc he keleawe kepau.
ʻOkoʻa nā ʻano mechanical o ke keleawe me ka zinc ma muli o ka nui o ka zinc i loko o ke keleawe.No ke keleawe α, piʻi mau ka σb a me ka δ i ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻike zinc.No ke keleawe (α+β), piʻi mau ka ikaika wela o ka lumi a hiki i ka piʻi ʻana o ka zinc ma kahi o 45%.Inā hoʻonui hou ʻia ka ʻike zinc, e emi loa ka ikaika ma muli o ke ʻano o ka r-phase brittle (Cu5Zn8 compound-based solution solid) i loko o ka hui huila.(Ke emi mau nei ka plasticity wela o ka lumi o (α+β) keleawe me ka piʻi ʻana o ka zinc content. No laila, ʻaʻohe waiwai kūpono o nā ʻāpana keleawe-zinc me ka zinc ma mua o 45%.
Hoʻohana ʻia ke keleawe maʻamau i ka nui o nā noi e like me nā kāʻei pahu wai, nā lako wai a me nā paipu hoʻoheheʻe, nā medallions, nā paipu corrugated, nā paipu serpentine, nā paipu condensation, nā pūpū a me nā huahana punching ʻano paʻakikī, nā lako liʻiliʻi, etc. ʻO ka zinc mai ka H63 a i ka H59, hiki iā lākou ke kū'ē i ka hoʻoponopono moku'āina wela, a hoʻohana nuiʻia i nā wahi likeʻole o nā mīkini a me nā mea uila, nā'āpana a me nā mea kani.
I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, ikaika, paʻakikī a me ka machinability o ke keleawe, kahi liʻiliʻi (maʻamau 1% a 2%, kahi liʻiliʻi a hiki i 3% a 4%, liʻiliʻi loa a hiki i 5% a 6%) o ka tin, aluminika, manganese, hao, silicon, nickel, lead a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i hoʻohui ʻia i ka copper-zinc alloy e hana i ka ternary, quaternary, a i ʻole ʻelima element alloy, he keleawe paʻakikī, ʻike ʻia hoʻi he keleawe kūikawā.
ʻO ke keleawe ka ikaika o ka pale ʻana, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ke keleawe i ka hana ʻana i nā kiwi, nā paipu wai, ka ea ea i loko a me waho o ka mīkini pili paipu a me nā radiators, etc.
keleawe alakaʻi
ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke kēpau i loko o ke keleawe a ua puʻunaue ʻia ma nā palena o ka palaoa ma ke ʻano he nui manuahi.ʻElua ʻano o ke keleawe kēpau e like me kā lākou hui: α a me (α+β).Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke keleawe α a i ʻole ka wela ma muli o ka hopena ʻino o ke kēpau a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i nā wela kiʻekiʻe.(α+β) ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke keleawe kepau i ka wela kiʻekiʻe a hiki ke hana ʻia.
keleawe keleawe
ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka tin i ke keleawe hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa wela o ka huila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hiki ke pale aku i ka ʻino ʻana o ka wai kai, no laila ua kapa ʻia ke keleawe keleawe "naval brass".
Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka tin i loko o ka hopena paʻa keleawe, ka hopena hoʻoikaika paʻa.Eia nō naʻe, me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ʻiʻo tin, e ʻike ʻia ka ʻāpana r-phase (CuZnSn compound), ʻaʻole kūpono i ka deformation plastic o ka alloy, no laila ʻo ka nui o ka tin keleawe ma ke ʻano o 0.5% a 1.5%.
ʻO nā keleawe keleawe maʻamau ʻo HSn70-1, HSn62-1, HSn60-1, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.Loaʻa i nā papa hope ʻelua (α+β) ʻelua-phase hui, a ʻike pinepine ʻia he wahi liʻiliʻi o ka r-phase, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ka plasticity wela o ka lumi, a hiki ke hoʻololi wale ʻia i ke kūlana wela.
keleawe manganese
He nui ka solubility o Manganese i ke keleawe keleawe.Hoʻohui i ka 1% i ka 4% o ka manganese i ke keleawe, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa corrosion o ka alloy, me ka hōʻemi ʻole ʻana i kona plasticity.
Loaʻa i ka hui keleawe manganese (α+β), i hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia ʻo HMn58-2, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana i ke kaomi ʻana i ke anuanu a me ka wela.
keleawe keleawe
I ka hao keleawe, hao precipitates like particles o ka hao-waiwai māhele, hoʻomaʻemaʻe palaoa e like me ka nuclei, a pale aku i ka ulu ana o recrystallized hua, pela e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mechanical waiwai a me ka hana waiwai o ka alloy.ʻO ka mea hao i loko o ka ferrobrass ma lalo o 1.5%, a ʻo kāna hui (α+β), me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī, ka plasticity maikaʻi i ka wela kiʻekiʻe, a me ka deformable i ke kūlana anuanu.ʻO ka papa maʻamau ʻo Hfe59-1-1.
keleawe nikela
Hiki i ka Nickel a me ke keleawe ke hana i ka hopena paʻa mau, e hoʻonui nui ana i ka māhele alpha.ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka nickel i ke keleawe hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka pale ʻana o ke keleawe i ka lewa a me ka wai kai.Hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻo Nickel i ka mahana recrystallization o ke keleawe a hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā ʻano hua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
ʻO ka HNi65-5 nickel brass kahi hui alpha-phase, me ka plasticity maikaʻi i ka lumi wela, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i ka mokuʻāina wela, akā pono e hoʻomalu pono ʻia ka ʻike o ke alakaʻi haumia, inā ʻaʻole ia e hoʻohaʻahaʻa loa i nā waiwai hana wela. ka huila.
ʻO ka mahana hana wela 750 ~ 830 ℃;ananeling wela 520 ~ 650 ℃;wela haʻahaʻa annealing wela 260 ~ 270 ℃ no ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke kaumaha kūloko.
Ke keleawe kaiapuni C26000 C2600 ʻO ka plasticity maikaʻi loa, ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka machinability maikaʻi, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi, nā mea hoʻololi wela, nā paipu no ka hana pepa, nā mīkini, nā ʻāpana uila.
Hōʻike (mm): Hōʻike: mānoanoa: 0.01-2.0mm, laula: 2-600mm.
Paʻakiki: O, 1/2H, 3/4H, H, EH, SH, etc.
Nā kūlana kūpono: GB, JISH, DIN, ASTM, EN.
Nā hiʻohiʻona: ka hana ʻoki maikaʻi loa, kūpono no ka lathe maʻamau, ka hana ʻana o CNC lathe o nā ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe.
