Paʻa keleawe ʻulaʻula paʻa i ka hale hana
Kapa ʻia no kona kala ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula. ʻAʻole ia he keleawe maʻemaʻe, akā i kekahi manawa ua hoʻohui ʻia kahi mea liʻiliʻi o nā mea deoxidized a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka mea a me ka hana, no laila ua helu pū ʻia ʻo ia he keleawe keleawe. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea hana keleawe Kina i ʻehā mau ʻāpana e like me ka haku mele: keleawe maʻamau (T1, T2, T3, T4), keleawe ʻole oxygen (TU1, TU2 a me ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, vacuum oxygen-free copper), deoxidized copper (TUP). , TUMn), ke keleawe kūikawā me ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea hoʻohui (arsenic copper, tellurium copper, silver copper). ʻO ka uila a me ka thermal conductivity o ke keleawe ka lua wale nō i ke kālā, a hoʻohana nui ʻia e hana i nā lako conductive a thermally conductive. He kūpaʻa maikaʻi ʻo Copper i ka lewa, ka wai kai a me kekahi mau ʻakika non-oxidizing (hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid), alkalis, nā paʻakai a me nā ʻano mea like ʻole (acetic acid, citric acid), a hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana kemika. . Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke keleawe a hiki ke hana ʻia i nā huahana semi-finished a hoʻopau ʻia e ke anuanu a me ka thermoplastic.
He hopena koʻikoʻi ka trace impurities i ke keleawe i ka uila a me ka thermal conductivity o ke keleawe. Ma waena o lākou, titanium, phosphorus, hao, silikoni, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻemi nui i ka conductivity uila, ʻoiai he liʻiliʻi ka hopena o ka cadmium a me ka zinc. ʻO ka oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium a me nā hopena paʻa ʻē aʻe i ke keleawe he liʻiliʻi loa, hiki ke hana i nā pūhui brittle me ke keleawe, ʻaʻole nui ka conductivity o ka hopena, akā hiki ke hōʻemi i ka hana plasticity. ʻO ke keleawe maʻamau i loko o ka lewa hoʻohaʻahaʻa i loaʻa ka hydrogen a i ʻole carbon monoxide i ka wā i wela ai, hydrogen a i ʻole carbon monoxide ka maʻalahi e launa pū me nā palena kīʻaha o ka cuprous oxide (Cu2O), ka hopena i ka mahu wai kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ke kinoea carbon dioxide. . Ua kapa pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano he keleawe "hydrogen disease". He mea pōʻino ka oxygen i ka solderability o ke keleawe. ʻO Bismuth a i ʻole ke kēpau a me ke keleawe e hoʻohua ai i kahi eutectic haʻahaʻa hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa, no laila ua hana ke keleawe i kahi wela wela; a mahele ʻia ka bismuth maʻemaʻe ma nā palena ʻai o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a hoʻolilo i ke keleawe i hana ʻia i mea anuanu. Hiki i ka Phosphorus ke hoʻemi nui i ka conductivity uila o ke keleawe, akā hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka fluidity o ka wai keleawe, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka weldability. ʻO ka nui kūpono o ke kēpau, tellurium, sulfur, etc. hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka machinability. ʻO ka ikaika tensile wela o ke keleawe he 22-25 kg ikaika / mm2, elongation he 45-50%, ʻo Brinell hardness (HB) he 35-45.
He 386.4 W/(mK) ka wela o ke keleawe ma'ema'e.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ke keleawe ma mua o ka hao maʻemaʻe, me ka 50% o ke keleawe e hoʻomaʻemaʻe electrolytically i ke keleawe maʻemaʻe i kēlā me kēia makahiki no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻoihana uila. ʻO ke keleawe i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ʻaneʻi he maʻemaʻe maoli nō, aia ma mua o 99.95% keleawe e hoʻohana ʻia. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o nā haumia, ʻoi aku ka phosphorus, arsenic a me ka alumini, hiki ke hōʻemi nui i ka conductivity uila o ke keleawe. Hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana, nā kaʻa kaʻa, nā kaula, nā mea hoʻololi, nā mea hoʻololi a me nā mea uila ʻē aʻe a me nā mea hoʻololi wela, nā paipu, nā mea hoʻomehana lā e like me nā mea hōʻiliʻili pā pālahalaha a me nā mea hana wela. Loaʻa i ke keleawe ka oxygen (maʻalahi ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe keleawe e hoʻohui i kahi mea liʻiliʻi o ka oxygen) ma ka conductivity o ka hopena nui, ʻo ke keleawe i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana uila ma ke ʻano he keleawe ʻole oxygen. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā mea haumia e like me ke alakaʻi, antimony, bismuth, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ke hana i ka crystallization o ke keleawe ʻaʻole hiki ke hui pū ʻia, e hopena i ka embrittlement thermal, e hoʻopilikia pū i ka hana ʻana o ke keleawe maʻemaʻe. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ʻia kēia keleawe maʻemaʻe e ka electrolysis: hoʻohana ʻia ke keleawe maʻemaʻe (ʻo ia hoʻi, ke keleawe maʻemaʻe) ma ke ʻano he anode, ke keleawe maʻemaʻe e like me ka cathode, a me ka solution copper sulfate e like me ka electrolyte. Ke hala ke au, hehee malie ke keleawe maemae ole ma ka anode, a kahe malie ke keleawe maemae ma ka cathode. Loaʻa ke keleawe i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia. ʻO ka maʻemaʻe a hiki i ka 99.99%.
Hoʻohana pū ʻia ke keleawe i ka hana ʻana i nā apo pōkole no nā kaʻa uila, nā mea hoʻomehana electromagnetic a me nā mea uila mana kiʻekiʻe, nā poloka terminal, a pēlā aku.
Hoʻohana ʻia ke keleawe i nā puka, nā puka makani, nā lima lima a me nā mea hana a me nā mea hoʻonaninani.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea hana keleawe poni Kina i ʻehā mau ʻāpana e ka haku mele: keleawe poni maʻamau (T1, T2, T3, T4), keleawe ʻole oxygen (TU1, TU2 a me ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, vacuum oxygen-free copper), deoxidized copper (TUP). , TUMn), keleawe kūikawā me ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea i hoʻohui ʻia (arsenic copper, tellurium copper, silver copper).
Kapa inoa Pākē papa Kepanī māka German māka ʻAmelika māka Pelekania
Zero oxygen-noa keleawe TU0C1011--C10100C110
No.1 keleawe ʻole oxygen ʻole TU1C1020OF-CuC10200C103
Helu 2 keleawe ʻole oxygen ʻole TU2C1020OF-CuC10200C103
No.1 keleawe T1C1020OF-CuC10200C103
No.2 keleawe T2C1100SE-CuC11000C101
No.3 keleawe T3C1221
No.1 phosphorus deoxidized keleawe TP1C1201SW-CuC12000
No.2 phosphorus deoxidized keleawe TP2C1220SF-CuC12000
