Paʻa keleawe ʻulaʻula paʻa i ka hale hana
I kapaʻia no kona kalaʻulaʻulaʻulaʻula.ʻAʻole ia he keleawe maʻemaʻe, akā i kekahi manawa ua hoʻohui ʻia kahi mea liʻiliʻi o nā mea deoxidized a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka mea a me ka hana, no laila ua helu pū ʻia ʻo ia he keleawe keleawe.Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea hana keleawe Kina i ʻehā mau ʻāpana e like me ka haku mele: keleawe maʻamau (T1, T2, T3, T4), keleawe ʻole oxygen (TU1, TU2 a me ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, vacuum oxygen-free copper), deoxidized copper (TUP). , Tumn), nā keleawe kūikawā me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o nā mea e hoʻonui ai i nā mea kanu, sputrium keleawe).ʻO ka uila a me ka thermal conductivity o ke keleawe ka lua wale nō i ke kālā, a hoʻohana nui ʻia e hana i nā lako conductive a thermally conductive.He kūpaʻa maikaʻi ʻo Copper i ka lewa, ka wai kai a me kekahi mau ʻakika non-oxidizing (hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid), alkalis, nā paʻakai a me nā ʻano mea like ʻole (acetic acid, citric acid), a hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana kemika. .Ma kahi o nā keleawe he maikaʻi maikaʻi a hiki ke hanaʻia i loko o nā huahana semi-i hoʻopauʻia a hoʻopau i nā huahana a me ke kaʻina hana.
ʻO nā mea nui i loko o ke keleawe he hopena koʻikoʻi i ka hopena koʻikoʻi ma kaʻoihana uila a me keʻano o ke keleawe.Ma waena o lākou, titanium, phosphorus, hao, silikoni, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻemi nui i ka conductivity uila, ʻoiai he liʻiliʻi ka hopena o ka cadmium a me ka zinc.ʻO ka oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium a me nā hopena paʻa ʻē aʻe i ke keleawe he liʻiliʻi loa, hiki ke hana i nā pūhui brittle me ke keleawe, ʻaʻole nui ka conductivity o ka hopena, akā hiki ke hōʻemi i ka hana plasticity.ʻO ke keleawe maʻamau i loko o ka lewa hoʻohaʻahaʻa i loaʻa ka hydrogen a i ʻole carbon monoxide i ka wā i wela ai, hydrogen a i ʻole carbon monoxide ka maʻalahi e launa pū me nā palena kīʻaha o ka cuprous oxide (Cu2O), ka hopena i ka mahu wai kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ke kinoea carbon dioxide. .Ua kapa pinepineʻia kēia phenonieon i ke keleawe "hydrogen maʻi".Hoʻopilikiaʻia ka oxygen i ka mea kūʻai aku i ke keleawe.ʻO ke keikikāne a alakaʻi paha a he keleawe a me ke keleawe e hoʻopau i ka papaʻu elima, no laila, i hanaʻiaʻo Cop Flook.a ua māheleʻiaʻo Brittle Bristle Brismath i nā palena palaoa o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a hana i ke keleawe i hanaʻia he brittle brittle.Hiki i ka Phosphorus ke hoʻemi nui i ka conductivity uila o ke keleawe, akā hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka fluidity o ka wai keleawe, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka weldability.ʻO ka nui kūpono o ke alakaʻi, e haʻi,ʻo Sulfur, etc. hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka macinaliblian.ʻO ka ikaika o ka lumi o ka lumi o ka pākaukau o ka pale keleawe he 22-25 kg ikaika / mm2, ellingation he 45-505.
ʻO ka mālamaʻana i ka thermal o ke keleawe maʻemaʻe he 386.4 w / (mk).
ʻOi aku ka nui o ke keleawe ma mua o ka hao maʻemaʻe, me 50% o ke keleawe e hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻia i kaʻoihana ma kēlā me kēia makahiki no ka hoʻohanaʻana i kaʻoihana uila.Pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻia ke keleawe i'ōleloʻia, he mea nui loa ia,ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 99.95% keleawe e hoʻohanaʻia.ʻO nā nui loa o nā haʻahaʻa,ʻo ia nōʻo Phosphorus, Arseric lāuaʻo Aluminaum, hiki iā ia ke hōʻemi i keʻano o ke keleawe.Hoʻohana nuiʻia ma ka hanaʻana o nā mea hana lapaʻau, nā pahu pahu, nā manu, nā mea kūʻai aku hepesaʻO ka Copper i loaʻa i ka oxygen (ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻololiʻana i kahi liʻiliʻi o ka oxygen) ma keʻano o ka hana uilaEia kekahi, e like me ke alakaʻi, Annumony,ʻo Binisth, e pili ana i ka crystalization, e hiki ke hoʻokō i keʻano o ke keleawe kino.Hoʻohanaʻia kēia keleawe maikaʻi loa e ka electrolysisKe hele nei nā mea i kēia manawa, ua maloʻo nā keleawe i ka anode, a me ke keleawe maʻemaʻe ma ka pā hale.Ua loaʻa i ke keleawe.Aia ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka 99.99%.
Hoʻohana pū ʻia ke keleawe i ka hana ʻana i nā apo pōkole no nā kaʻa uila, nā mea hoʻomehana electromagnetic a me nā mea uila mana kiʻekiʻe, nā poloka terminal, a pēlā aku.
Hoʻohana ʻia ke keleawe i nā puka, nā puka makani, nā lima lima a me nā mea hana a me nā mea hoʻonaninani.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea hana keleawe poni Kina i ʻehā mau ʻāpana e ka haku mele: keleawe poni maʻamau (T1, T2, T3, T4), keleawe ʻole oxygen (TU1, TU2 a me ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, vacuum oxygen-free copper), deoxidized copper (TUP). , TUMn), keleawe kūikawā me ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea i hoʻohui ʻia (arsenic copper, tellurium copper, silver copper).
Kapa inoa Pākē papa Kepanī māka German māka ʻAmelika māka Pelekania
Zero oxygen-noa keleawe TU0C1011--C10100C110
No.1 keleawe ʻole oxygen ʻole TU1C1020OF-CuC10200C103
Helu 2 keleawe ʻole oxygen ʻole TU2C1020OF-CuC10200C103
No.1 keleawe T1C1020OF-CuC10200C103
No.2 keleawe T2C1100SE-CuC11000C101
Nā Naʻu.3 Copper T3C1221
No.1 phosphorus deoxidized keleawe TP1C1201SW-CuC12000
No.2 phosphorus deoxidized keleawe TP2C1220SF-CuC12000
